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NPTEL

Engineering Aspects of Biofuels and Biomass Conversion Technologies

NPTEL via Swayam

Overview

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ABOUT THE COURSE:The engineering aspects of biofuels and biomass conversion technologies course blends applied engineering and fundamental science pertinent to research and industrial applications for decarbonization and to achieve sustainable development goals. Biomass is an important carbon-neutral fuel source and several high-value chemicals, such as biopolymers. As a result, a wide range of technologies has been developed, which are categorized as high-temperature conversion processes and low-temperature conversion processes in this course. After this, process flow development and the requirement for different instruments and accessories for briquetting, pelletization, gasification, and pyrolysis have been discussed. The discussion follows the development and use of different auxiliary units for produced fuel storage, transportation, and utilization. Similarly, low-temperature processes cover biogas production, cleaning and compression processes, and system development. Gradually, the course moves towards producing high-value chemicals and fuel additives via chemo-catalytic and biochemical routes. Ultimately, the use of algal biomass and non-edible oil for bio-lubricants and sustainable aviation fuel has been discussed. Overall, the course provides different aspects of engineering requirements and design strategies for scaling up biofuels and biomass conversion technologies.INTENDED AUDIENCE: University Students and Industrial PractitionersINDUSTRY SUPPORT: Fuel Industries, Biorefineries, Government PSUs, Food and Processing Industry, Sugar Industries, Agriculture Industries

Syllabus

Week 1:
  • Introduction to biofuels and biomass conversion technologies
  • Problems arising due to waste biomass and agro residues
  • Need for biorenewable energy and biofuels
  • Economic and innovation opportunities
  • Government policies and sustainable development goals
  • Waste to Wealth
Week 2:
  • Different types of biomasses and their categorization
  • Biomass worldwide production and in India
  • History of biofuels and biomass conversion technologies
  • Different generations of biofuels
  • Introduction to high-temperature conversion technologies
  • Brief on thermochemical conversion of biomasses
Week 3:
  • Briquetting of biomass: Different processes and equipment
  • Development of block flow diagram for briquetting of biomass
  • Process flow diagram development for briquetting plant
  • Fume exhaust system, pressing systems for briquetting
  • Biomass pelletizers
  • The difference between briquets and pellets and their burning
Week 4:
  • Gasifier stove: Household and commercial
  • Types of commercial gasifier stove
  • Components and accessories of commercial gasifier stove
  • Types of household gasifier stove
  • Operation of household gasifier stove
  • Factors affecting gasifier stove
Week 5:
  • Large-scale industrial gasifiers and theory
  • Process flow diagram development for gasification plant
  • Gasifier operating and design parameters
  • Gasifier classification and design, Commercial Gasifiers
  • Rule of thumb for gasifier selection
  • Detailed parameters for gasifier selection
Week 6:
  • Pyrolysis of biomass
  • Types of pyrolysis processes
  • Bio-oil, syngas, and bio-coal production
  • Process flow diagram development for different pyrolyzers
  • Bio-oil upgradation
Week 7:
  • Introduction to low-temperature conversion technologies
  • High-value chemical production from biomass
  • Catalytic processes for biomass conversion
  • Fuel additives, artificial sweeteners, and biopolymers production
  • Green gasoline, green diesel, and sustainable aviation fuel additives production
Week 8:
  • Biochemical conversion of biomass
  • High-value chemical production via biochemical route
  • Basics of 1G and 1.5G ethanol production & economics
  • Process flow diagram development for bioethanol production
  • Development of auxiliary units for separation and purification of ethanol
  • By-products utilization
Week 9:
  • Biogas production from biomass
  • Aerobic and anaerobic digestion
  • Block flow diagram and process of anaerobic digestion
  • Digesters and factors affecting its performance
  • Standard testing in a biogas plant
Week 10:
  • Equipment of biogas plant
  • Operation and maintenance of the biogas plant
  • Control philosophy and safety aspects of biogas plant
  • Biogas enrichment and handling system
  • CO2 capture and conversion
Week 11:
  • Algal biomass
  • Types, sources, and generation
  • Algal biomass conversion technologies
  • Fuel production from algal biomass
  • Chemicals production from algal biomass
Week 12:
  • Non-edible oil: availability and opportunities
  • Non-edible oil to fuel
  • Non-edible oil to sustainable aviation fuel
  • Non-edible oil to bio-lubricants and polymer precursor
  • Used and discarded cooking oil to fuels and chemicals

Taught by

Prof. Ejaz Ahmad

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