Why the 4-Color Theorem is Easier to Prove on a Torus - A Mathematical Analysis

Learn about the fascinating contrast between the 4-color theorem for planar maps and the 7-color theorem for maps on a torus in this 17-minute mathematics video. Explore why coloring maps on a seemingly more complex torus surface was proven earlier and requires more colors than its planar counterpart. Discover the mathematical proof through clear explanations of degree sums, inequalities, and minimal examples. Follow along with detailed demonstrations using PowerPoint and GeoGebra animations that break down complex topological concepts into digestible segments, from the fundamental relationship between edges and faces to the verification of sharp bounds.