Given existing commitments, it is likely that the world looks doomed to a warming of 4 degrees Celsius by the end of this century and 2 degrees Celsius by 2040. This course massively open online MOOC (for its acronym in English) brings together renowned scientists in order to provide a summary of the most recent scientific evidence and present an analysis of possible future impacts and risks, focusing on developing countries. The course provides a historical account of observed changes in the climate system and its impacts, its relationship to increased emissions of carbon dioxide, the corresponding increases in temperature, melting glaciers and changes in patterns of precipitation. This course also offers different projections predict an increase in droughts, heat waves and sea level rise along the XXI century, with its implications for food security and water security and the potential impacts on agriculture, water availability, ecosystems and human health. This MOOC presents an analysis of the impacts of eventual warming of 4 degrees Celsius and emphasizes the need for both policy makers and communities seriously consider their options for adaptation to climate change, stressing the need for mitigation measures urgently. Participants will also have the opportunity to understand the risks involved reaching irreversible tipping points, such as the disintegration of the ice in the western Antarctic or death and reverse scale of the Amazon jungle. The course concludes with a discussion of the main options and existing and necessary to prevent exceeding 2 degrees Celsius warming policy alternatives. In the case of Latin America, the extremely high temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have adverse effects on agricultural productivity , hydrological regimes and biodiversity. In Brazil, a warming of 2 degrees Celsius could reduce crop yields by up to 70 percent for soybean and up to 50 percent for wheat 2050. Acidification of the oceans, sea level rise, tropical cyclones and temperature changes greatly affect coastal habitats, tourism, health and food and water security. In addition, the melting of glaciers would endanger the Andean cities. The economy could be severely damaged by climate change, inevitably affecting society in general and the most disadvantaged in particular. By 2050, if a heating 4 degrees Celsius in Latin America, coastal flooding and storms could cause losses of about 22 000 million, essentially related to infrastructure damage and loss should occur in the Tourist sector.
